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List of governors of Roman Egypt
During the Classical Roman Empire, the governor of Roman Egypt ''(praefectus Aegypti)'' was a prefect who administered the Roman province of Egypt with the delegated authority ''(imperium)'' of the emperor.
Egypt was established as a Roman province in consequence of the Battle of Actium, where Cleopatra as the last independent ruler of Egypt and her Roman ally Mark Antony were defeated by Octavian, the adopted heir of the assassinated Roman dictator Julius Caesar. Octavian then rose to supreme power with the title Augustus, ending the era of the Roman Republic and installing himself as ''princeps'', the so-called "leading citizen" of Rome who in fact acted as an autocratic ruler. Although senators continued to serve as governors of most other provinces (the senatorial provinces), especially those annexed under the Republic, the role of Egypt during the civil war with Antony and its strategic and economic importance prompted Augustus to ensure that no rival could secure ''Aegyptus'' as an asset. He thus established Egypt as an imperial province, to be governed by a prefect he appointed from men of the equestrian order.
A prefect of Egypt usually held the office for three or four years.〔Alan K. Bowman, ''Egypt After the Pharaohs 332 BC-AD 642: From Alexander to the Arab Conquest'' (University of California Press, 1986, 1996), p. 66.〕 An equestrian appointed to the office received no specialized training, and seems to have been chosen for his military experience and knowledge of Roman law and administration.〔Bowman, ''Egypt After the Pharaohs,'' p. 66.〕 Any knowledge he might have of Egypt and its arcane traditions of politics and bureaucracy—which Philo of Alexandria described as "intricate and diversified, hardly grasped even by those who have made a business of studying them from their earliest years"—was incidental to his record of Roman service and the emperor's favor.〔Bowman, ''Egypt After the Pharaohs,'' p. 66.〕
==Classical Roman Empire==
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